Unwanted outcomes and the influence of status quo bias results when compulsory voting is absent. This view is held by political science author, Alexandra Oprea. Her research calls for a systematic review of the effects of mandatory voting, presenting it as a possible remedy for the mentioned distortions.
Oprea's work details that optional voting systems tend to induce outcomes that are not preferred by the majority. This conclusion was drawn after closely examining many democracies around the world where voting is not mandatory. Oprea argues that optional voting has led to overrepresentation of extreme views.
Her research explores status quo bias, a psychological bias that leads individuals to prefer things as they are rather than embracing change. This bias is a crucial factor influencing election results under a system where voting is optional.
Oprea suggests that when the majority of the population adheres to this bias, it leads to a disproportionate focus on satisfying those who vote. This is usually a small section of the population, which over time, may become a systemic issue in democracies with optional voting.
As per Oprea, the solution lies in compulsory voting. She states that it would prevent an unwanted tilt towards the status quo, with its ability to induce participation from all corners of society and bring about actual change.
The argument for compulsory voting is most potent in established democracies where a significant majority of the population exhibits status quo bias. It is observed that the ruling elites of such nations use the bias to consolidate power that they would otherwise lose.
Under compulsory voting, all citizens would have an equal say in the democratic process, ensuring complete representation. The views of the majority would become a determinant of who governs rather than a minority speaking for the masses.
In contrast, optional voting allows citizens to abstain from voting. Unsurprisingly, the ones who stay at home tend to be from underrepresented sections of society, leading to a skewed representation of views in governance.
Compulsory voting is not a new concept; it is already practiced in 22 countries. Australia, Belgium and Greece are some examples. Most notably, Australia has maintained a consistent voter turnout of around 95% by imposing fines for non-voters, thus negating the status quo bias.
Conversely, Oprea also acknowledges the criticism faced by compulsory voting. Critics argue that forcing people to vote infringes upon their civil rights. However, she counters this narrative by claiming that the failure to vote also impacts the rights of others in a democracy.
Oprea further claims that just like paying taxes and serving in a jury, voting is a civic duty that fulfills a critical role in maintaining a functional democracy. As a result, she views compulsory voting as a beneficial step in protecting the rights and representation of all citizens.
She acknowledges the practical challenges to this solution, such as the logistics involved and the possible penalties for non-voters. Despite these, she firmly believes in the necessity and outcomes of compulsory voting.
The argument for compulsory voting theoretically makes sense. However, real-world implementation might be challenging due to prevailing social and political structures in different countries.
Moreover, the crucial issue of enforcement comes into play. Countries should be able to not only implement but also enforce such a policy effectively. So, the feasibility of compulsory voting is dependent on the political willingness and administrative efficiency of a nation.
Defining a model for compulsory voting is also subjective and requires a clear understanding of a country's social fabric, cultural ethos, and political landscape. Factors like education level, economic situation and population size should also be considered.
Oprea's work acts as a starting point for a wider conversation on compulsory voting. Her groundwork paves the path for how democracies can benefit from such a system.
Her research has added a unique perspective to the existing literature. It not only challenges the status quo but also presents an alternative solution that promises to improve the democratic process.
New thinking needs to be encouraged by ongoing debates and discussions around compulsory voting and its implications. Her work can act as a blueprint for other researchers and scholars who wish to explore this sphere.
In conclusion, compulsory voting holds promise for steering democracies towards a more representative and balanced political system. It's an avenue worth exploring to ensure that the voices of all citizens are heard, and everyone receives an equal say in governance.